{"id":1009,"date":"2021-07-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.simplybusiness.co.uk\/knowledge\/articles\/what-is-share-capital\/"},"modified":"2025-05-22T13:18:31","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T13:18:31","slug":"what-is-share-capital","status":"publish","type":"knowledge","link":"https:\/\/www.simplybusiness.co.uk\/knowledge\/funding\/what-is-share-capital\/","title":{"rendered":"What is share capital?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Limited companies are usually \u2018limited by shares\u2019, which means that shareholders in the company are only personally liable for what they put into the business.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Share capital, then, is the total money put into the business \u2013 the nominal value of the shares you\u2019ve issued.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When starting up, many limited companies choose to issue 100 shares at \u00a31 each because then it\u2019s easy to work out who owns what (each share is one per cent of the business).<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-list-item\"><a href=\"\/knowledge\/business-structure\/setting-up-a-limited-company\/\" data-type=\"knowledge\" data-id=\"1270\" ><strong>How to set up a limited company<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-list-item\"><a href=\"\/knowledge\/starting-out\/how-to-register-with-companies-house\/\" data-type=\"knowledge\" data-id=\"850\" ><strong>How to register with Companies House<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-list-item\"><a href=\"\/knowledge\/starting-out\/how-to-start-a-business\/\" data-type=\"knowledge\" data-id=\"1444\" ><strong>How to start a business<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-list-item\"><a href=\"\/business-insurance\/faq\/what-is-business-insurance\/\"><strong>What is business insurance?<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are also different types of shares, including <strong>ordinary shares<\/strong>, <strong>preference shares<\/strong>, and <strong>redeemable shares<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read all about limited company shares and share capital in our guide.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"whatareshareholders\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are shareholders?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shareholders are people who own shares in a limited company \u2013 and shares indicate how ownership of the company is divided. Therefore, shareholders collectively own the business.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anyone, including both individuals and organisations, can be shareholders in a limited company. Shareholders have a say in some company decisions (\u2018voting rights\u2019) , like changing the company name and appointing or removing directors. But shareholders don\u2019t run the company, unless they\u2019re also directors.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Small \u2018<a href=\"\/knowledge\/self-assessment\/what-is-a-personal-service-company\/\" data-type=\"knowledge\" data-id=\"945\" >one-man bands<\/a>\u2019 and startups might only have one person in the business, who\u2019s the sole director and sole shareholder. In this situation the limited company might only issue one share, representing 100 per cent of the business.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you register your limited company, you need to give information about the shares and how they\u2019ve been issued. This includes:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-list-item\">the number of shares and their total value (your company\u2019s \u2018share capital\u2019)<\/li>\n\n<li class=\"wp-block-list-item\">the names and addresses of your shareholders<\/li>\n\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 id=\"whatissharecapital\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is share capital?<\/h2>\n<div id=\"nba-body-001\">\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a share capital definition, if shares represent ownership of the company, then share capital is the total value of the shares issued by a limited company.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019ve issued 100 shares at a nominal value of \u00a31 each, then the share capital is \u00a3100.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Share capital is different to the market value of the shares. Share capital represents how much money was actually used to buy shares, but the market value of the shares might mean that those shares would be worth much more if sold.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a limited company is a separate legal entity from its owners and directors, the value of someone\u2019s shares is their total financial liability.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means that if the company gets into debt and becomes insolvent, then shareholders have to pay in the nominal value of the shares they hold \u2013 but that\u2019s the extent of their liability.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Limited companies can issue more shares after starting up, often if they want to expand or start working on new projects.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"whatarethedifferenttypesofcompanyshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is called up share capital? <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sometimes when you issue shares to investors, you can make an agreement for them to be paid in instalments or at a later date. This kind of agreement is known as called up share capital. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The reason it\u2019s \u201ccalled up\u201d is because once you request the unpaid balance to be paid, it\u2019s being \u201ccalled up\u201d. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the shares have been paid in full, they\u2019ll usually be viewed as part of the whole number of shares. <\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"whatarethedifferenttypesofcompanyshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What happens when called up share capital is not paid? <\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shareholders who\u2019ve been issued their shares but fail to pay for them by the agreed date are responsible and liable to the company for the debt. <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They have a legal responsibility to follow your business&#8217;s decision on the payment of the shares. <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"whatarethedifferenttypesofcompanyshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What are the different types of company shares?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Businesses can issue different types of shares, which give shareholders different rights to dividends, profit sharing and voting. Most businesses issue ordinary shares.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"ordinaryshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ordinary shares<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These shares are the most common. They don\u2019t have any special rights or restrictions. Ordinary shareholders have voting rights, but they\u2019re the last to be paid if the company is <a href=\"\/knowledge\/management\/how-to-liquidate-a-company\/\" data-type=\"knowledge\" data-id=\"933\" >wound up<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"nonvotingordinaryshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Non-voting ordinary shares<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As the name suggests, these are ordinary shares but with restrictions around voting. These shareholders might only be able to vote in certain scenarios, or they might not be able to vote at all.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"preferenceshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preference shares<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These shareholders don\u2019t have voting rights but they do get dividends ahead of ordinary shareholders. The dividend is fixed and annual, which means that it doesn\u2019t change with the business\u2019s profits.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"cumulativepreferenceshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cumulative preference shares<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the same as preference shares, but if a dividend can\u2019t be paid one year, it carries forward to successive years. The dividend must be paid regardless of a company\u2019s earnings, as long as it has profits to distribute.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"redeemableshares\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Redeemable shares<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These give the company the right to buy back shares in the future. The date can be fixed or the business can just choose when to buy them back. A company can\u2019t only issue redeemable shares, so they need to issue non-redeemable shares too.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is there anything else you\u2019d like to know about limited company shares? Let us know in the comments below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-group has-azure-200-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-94e519ba wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><h3 id=\"lookingforselfemployedinsurance\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Looking for self-employed insurance?<\/h3>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">With Simply Business you can build a single <a href=\"\/business-insurance\/self-employed-insurance\/\">self employed insurance<\/a> policy combining the covers that are relevant to you. Whether it&#8217;s <a href=\"\/business-insurance\/public-liability-insurance\/\">public liability insurance<\/a>, <a href=\"\/business-insurance\/professional-indemnity-insurance\/\">professional indemnity<\/a> or whatever else you need, we&#8217;ll run you a quick quote online, and let you decide if we&#8217;re a good fit.<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/quote.simplybusiness.co.uk\/business\">Start your quote<\/a><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<div id=\"nba-body-end\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is share capital and what are the different types of shares? Here\u2019s our guide that explains more, including a share capital definition. Read more.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"sb_hreflang":"","sb_hreflang_url":"","disable_breadcrumbs":false,"sb_breadcrumbs":[],"sb_reviewed_by":"","sb_review_date":"","sb_enable_content_gating":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[330,336,110],"hidden-category":[],"coauthors":[26],"class_list":["post-1009","knowledge","type-knowledge","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-funding","category-business-structure","category-business-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What is share capital? Share capital definition<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What is share capital and what are the different types of shares? Here\u2019s our guide that explains more, including a share capital definition. 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